This part of the test method adds specific minimum requirements to the standardization and calibration procedures suggested andor recommended by the device manufacturer. Other lightweight materials such as pumice, scoria. Method for sampling and testing low density cellular. Water is used by the litre or kilogram 1 litre of water 1 kilogram. Jun 28, 2018 overview of astm c8 standard test method for density unit weight, yield, and air content gravimetric of concrete. Acceptance testing and criteria given in clauses 16. The cement powder is ordered in bags by weight eg 20 kg and type eg type gp. High strength lightweight concrete high strength specified density concrete 6. Effect of curing methods on density and compressive. Procedure record all information on sfn 9987 or sfn 2455.
Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. Balance a balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg, readable and accurate to o5 g and of such a type and shape as. Test for density of hydraulic cement purpose determination of the density of hydraulic cement in connection with the design of portland cement concrete mixtures equipment and materials standard lechatelier flask as shown below heavy rubber pad about 12 in. Compaction compaction is removing the air from concrete. Compressive strength of concrete cube test pdf, procedure, results the compressive strength of the concrete cube test provides an idea about all the characteristics of concrete. Acceptance testing and criteria for ready mixed concrete. One way of determining concrete density is by filling a container of known volume with concrete and then weighing it. Curing is the procedure to endorse hydration of cement, and consists of a control. There are a few unique procedures listed in the astm c8 to remember. The coarse and fine aggregates are ordered in cubic metres by maximum size eg 20 m3 of size 20 mm. Inspect all materials used in the construction of concrete work at their source, on the job, or both. Astm c796 c796m 19 standard test method for foaming. A cylindrical, watertight, steel measure with two handles.
For a given unit configuration, the fire resistance of a concrete masonry wall increases as the concrete density decreases. Polystyrene lightweight concrete polyconcrete zaher kuhail. See chapter 3 concrete testing strength and durability are affected by. No data on the strength density relation for normal concrete is however given. The results of these field tests are compared to the target values see chapter 5 to determine if the contractor has met specifications for density and moisture. Measure density on each sample astm c8 test for density unit weight fill density measure in 3 layers. Cellular concrete is used in variable applications with densities ranging from 20pcf to 110pcf. Astm c8 standard test method for density unit weight, yield.
It is against this background that this study seeks to assess the effect of different curing methods on the density and compressive strength of concrete and to determine methods that isare unsuitable which may impair the quality of the concrete. The degree of compaction, called the compacting factor is measured by the density ratio i. Unit density the density of a concrete masonry unit is expressed as the ovendry density of concrete in pounds per cubic foot lbft3 kgm3 as determined in accordance with astm c 140, standard test methods for sampling and testing concrete masonry units and related units ref. The surface of the soil is leveled and brush is used to clean the surface from fines. C88c88m test method for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. Hanson 4 conducted some experiments where the expanded fines of 1 ightweight concrete were replaced by an equal volume of river sand. Determination of bulk density of concrete as per is1199. Chapter 12testing of cement part 1 page 61 a bed of cement is prepared in special permeability cell and have exact porosity e 0,500 weight a quantity of cement. Effect of curing methods on density and compressive strength. C231c231m test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete by the pressure method. High density concrete is mainly used for the purpose of radiation shielding, for counterweights and other uses where high density is required. In this concrete the compaction is also tested by field density test usually sand replacement method.
Usually if the unit weight is lower than 70pcf, cellular concrete does not use conventional aggregates. Obtain samples for strength tests by the same procedure as for slump or air test, except obtain the. Pdf standard test methods for physical testing of gypsum. As the sand equivalent number increases it indicates less clay sized material in the sample. This test is used to determine density unit weight, yield and air content. After the density is determined, the yield and air content can then be calculated using given formulas. The other options include ssd, ie staurated surface dry which means as wet as it can be by soaking in cold water, boiled which is one step further and vacuum saturated. The unit geometry affects the effective or equivalent unit thickness.
Astm c8 aci density, yield, and air content of concrete. Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. Test procedure aashtq t 161 this test is used as an indicator of the amount of clay size material in the in the fine aggregate. A study carried out by the can tho university in vietnam found that a weighing scale. Test specimen shall be a representative sample based on the following table.
Testing hardened concrete density of hardened concrete, british standards, bsi group headquarters 389 chiswick high road, london, w4 4al, uk, standards policy and strategy committee. The density of fresh concrete is similar to the density of hardened. If necessary, modify sampling procedures to fit a specific situation. Hard copies prior to january 1, 2015 are controlled. Overview of astm c8 standard test method for density unit weight, yield, and air content gravimetric of concrete. If the slump test result is outside of the slump range, correct before placing th e concrete in the work. Another type of concrete is a denser one, made with crushed stone sc as primary coarse aggregate. An experimental study on floating concrete using light. This gives a concrete contractor a good idea of the volumetric quantity of concrete as well as the air content. C39c39m test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Standard test method for determining density of structural lightweight concrete, astm c 56705.
Aggregates of expanded shale, clay, slate, and slag fig. Acceptance testing and criteria for ready mixed concrete in. High density concrete is a concrete having a density in the range of 6000 to 6400 kgcu. The report has been divided into five parts as follows. By this single test one judge that whether concreting has been done properly or not. Shanghai, peoples republic of china, november 2426, 2012. Proctor compaction test is plotted with the zeroairvoids line see figure 2. No data on the strengthdensity relation for normal concrete is however given. Perhaps the easiest and most accurate way to calculate the concrete density is to measure some into a container of known volume and weighing it. One value of understanding, knowing, and monitoring the density of concrete is. Proper compaction results in concrete with an increased density which is stronger and more durable. Divide the weight of concrete by the known volume 3 4 density, or fresh unit weight.
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement. Relationship of compaction to expected performance of hmac 3. Density test of hydraulic cement astmc188 civilblog. This method helps to calculate the yield of concrete per cubic meter. Astm c8 c8m 17a standard test method for density unit. Method for sampling and testing low density cellular concrete. Bulk density of concrete reflects the ability of concrete to function for structural support, water and solute movement, and durability.
This is due to the fact that with increasing water content, the voids in the soil mass continue to be filled with water until the soil. The concrete must be of a lightweight nature, with a mass of not greater than 1. Material property characterization of ultrahigh performance. The process followed for field density test is generally as follows. Density of ssa concrete decreased as percentage replacement increased and at higher watercement ratio. This method of test covers the procedure for determining the inplace density of freshly mixed concrete in pavements using nuclear density gauge. C1758c1758m practice for fabricating test specimens with selfconsolidating concrete. The following equipment, which is necessary for this test, is available from the division of procurement and contracts, materials and storage warehouse. For cube test two types of specimens either cubes of 15cm x 15cm x 15cm or 10cm x 10cm x 10cm depending upon the size of aggregate are used. Astm c 8c 8m density unit weight, yield, and air content gravimetric of concrete.
Actual density could vary slightly depending on the density of coarse aggregates. One value of understanding, knowing, and monitoring the density of concrete is checking strength by using test cylinders. Need concrete tested for strength and density 0427 827 692. Consolidation compaction of freshly mixed concrete allows elimination of entrapped air pockets and placement of concrete at a low water to cementitious materials ratio. Cores can also be extracted from concrete pavements and structures to verify compliance with construction dimensional tolerances, condition evaluation of structures, forensic evaluation using petrography and chemical methods, estimating the composition of concrete, and density and voids analysis.
Perform correlation tests several times throughout the day. In most material, the maximum wet density usually reaches a peak density at a higher water content than the maximum dry density. Appendix 6b jet exhaust damaged concrete, hronaka and malvar, concrete international, october 1998. This is an effective and easy way to deduce dead load of the structure. Acceptance testing includes tests on plastic concrete for slump, air content, density unit weight, temperature, and tests on hardened concrete for strength and other durability properties as required in contract documents or project specifications. The high density concrete has a better shielding property, so that it can. If the concrete is placed in the work, report both tests. For instance, the 7day unit weights of the samples with bac ratio of 100.
It may not be necessary to study all of the above properties in all cases, depending on the proposed use of the material. The density of 2492 kgm3 was recorded for slag concrete at 25% slag content and water. Referenced documents purchase separately the documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard astm standards. Fhwahrt06103 august 2006 research, development, and technology turnerfairbank highway research center 6300 georgetown pike mclean, va 221012296. Inspect all materials used in the construction of concrete. However, there is evidence that an increasing number of asphalt concrete pavements in texas as well as other states are not stabilizing at a. Acceptance test ing includes tests on plastic concrete for slump, air content, density unit weight, temperature, and tests on hardened concrete for strength and other durability properties as required in contract documents or project specifications.
Testing hardened concretedensity of hardened concrete, british standards, bsi group headquarters 389 chiswick high road, london, w4 4al, uk, standards policy and strategy committee. This procedure covers the determination of density, or unit weight, of freshly mixed concrete in accordance with aashto t 12119. Zhenhai guo, in principles of reinforced concrete, 2014. Oct 14, 2015 test for density of hydraulic cement purpose determination of the density of hydraulic cement in connection with the design of portland cement concrete mixtures equipment and materials standard lechatelier flask as shown below heavy rubber pad about 12 in. High density concrete is also known as heavy weight concrete. Acceptance testing and criteria are give in section 8. Because of this fact, cellular concrete does not fall under the test procedures for normal weight concrete. States which use this test for portland cement concrete specify a minimum sand equivalent between 70 and 80. Material property characterization of ultrahigh performance concrete publication no.
In production, the density of a given concrete masonry. Compressive strength of concrete cube test pdf, procedure. It offers the inspector a method of obtaining fast, accurate, in. The unit weight density test is a measure of the weight per cubic. The fire resistance of concrete masonry walls depends on the geometry of the concrete masonry units, and the density of the concrete block. This standard is issued under the fixed designation c 472. Pdf relation between density and compressive strength of.
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